Iron Regulation of Wetland Vegetation Performance Through Synchronous Effects on Phosphorus Acquisition Efficiency     

Xueying Jia  Zhijie Tian  Lei Qin  Linlin Zhang  Yuanchun Zou  Ming Jiang  Xianguo Lyu 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2018,28(2):337-352

Iron-rich groundwater flowing into wetlands is a worldwide environmental pollution phenomenon that is closely associated with the stability of wetland ecosystems. Combined with high phosphorus(P) loading from agricultural runoff, the prediction of the evolution of wetland vegetation affected by compound contamination is particularly urgent. We tested the effects of anaerobic iron-rich groundwater discharge in a freshwater marsh by simulating the effect of three levels of eutrophic water on native plants(Glyceria spiculosa(Fr. Schmidt.) Rosh.). The management of wetland vegetation with 1–20 mg/L Fe input is an efficient method to promote the growth of plants, which showed an optimum response under a 0.10 mg/L P surface water environment. Iron-rich groundwater strongly affects the changes in ecological niches of some wetland plant species and the dominant species. In addition, when the P concentration in a natural body of water is too high, the governance effect of eutrophication might not be as expected. Under iron-rich groundwater conditions, the δ~(13)C values of organs were more depleted, which can partially explain the differences in δ~(13)C in the soil profile. Conversely, the carbon isotope composition of soil organic carbon is indicative of past changes in vegetation. The results of our experiments confirm that iron-rich groundwater discharge has the potential to affect vegetation composition through toxicity modification in eutrophic environments.  相似文献   

基于多源遥感数据的日本海内波特征研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

孙丽娜  张杰  孟俊敏  王晶  张旭东 《海洋学报》2018,40(3):102-111

日本海特殊的地理位置和复杂的地形使得该海域内波表征极为复杂，遥感是大范围观测内波的有效手段，已被广泛应用于内波的探测研究。本文利用MODIS、GF-1和ENVISAT ASAR遥感影像，开展了日本海内波特征研究。通过提取内波波峰线，生成了日本海内波空间分布图；获取了内波的波峰线长度和传播速度，并基于非线性薛定谔方程反演了内波振幅。研究结果表明，日本海内波分布范围宽广，不仅大陆架沿海区内波分布密集，深海盆地也探测到了大量内波；日本海北部45°N附近海域有少量内波出现，利用高分影像探测到朝鲜陆架浅海区有大量小尺度内波，大和海盆、大和隆起的西南部海域没有发现内波。日本海内波波峰线长达100多千米，深海区的传播速度大于1 m/s；浅海区内波振幅约10 m左右，深海区可达60 m以上。  相似文献   

Effect of Aspect on Climate Variation in Mountain Ranges of Shennongjia Massif,Central China     

Yi Zhang 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2018,28(1):74-85

The aim of this study was to better understand the mechanisms of regional climate variation in mountain ranges with contrasting aspects as mediated by changes in global climate. It may help predict trends of vegetation variations in native ecosystems in natural reserves. As measures of climate response, temperature and precipitation data from the north, east, and south-facing mountain ranges of Shennongjia Massif in the coldest and hottest months(January and July), different seasons(spring, summer, autumn, and winter) and each year were analyzed from a long-term dataset(1960 to 2003) to tested variations characteristics, temporal and spatial quantitative relationships of climates. The results showed that the average seasonal temperatures and precipitation in the north, east, and south aspects of the mountain ranges changed at different rates. The average seasonal temperatures change rate ranges in the north, east, and south-facing mountain ranges were from –0.0210℃/yr to 0.0143℃/yr, –0.0166℃/yr to 0.0311℃/yr, and –0.0290 ℃/yr to 0.0084℃/yr, respectively, and seasonal precipitation variation magnitude were from –1.4940 mm/yr to 0.6217 mm/yr, –1.6833 mm/yr to 2.6182 mm/yr, and –0.8567 mm/yr to 1.4077 mm/yr, respectively. The climates variation trend among the three mountain ranges were different in magnitude and direction, showing a complicated change of the climates in mountain ranges and some inconsistency with general trends in global climate change. The climate variations were significantly different and positively correlated cross mountain ranges, revealing that aspects significantly affected on climate variations and these variations resulted from a larger air circulation system, which were sensitive to global climate change. We conclude that location and terrain of aspect are the main factors affecting differences in climate variation among the mountain ranges with contrasting aspects.  相似文献   

Clogging of saturated porous media by silt‐sized suspended solids under varying physical conditions during managed aquifer recharge          下载免费PDF全文

Xinqiang Du  Xueyan Ye  Xiaowan Zhang 《水文研究》2018,32(14):2254-2262

Managed aquifer recharge is an effective method for utilizing excess flood flows, but clogging of porous media is a limiting factor in the implementation of this water storage technique. In recent years, much research on the physical clogging of porous media during artificial recharge has been conducted. However, the understanding of clogging due to silt‐sized suspended solids (SS) is still inadequate, especially under varying physical conditions. Here, we subjected sand columns to controlled rates of flow and SS suspensions to investigate the influence of media size, SS size, SS concentration, and flow velocity on the clogging of porous media by silt‐sized SS. The results show that the diameter ratio of SS particles to sand grains is the dominant factor influencing the position of physical clogging. As pore velocity increased, the mobility of silt‐sized SS was enhanced and retention in the porous media decreased noticeably. The spatial retention profiles in the porous media were found to vary greatly at different flow velocities. The SS concentration of the infiltrating suspension also dramatically influenced the mobility and deposition of silt‐sized SS particles, such that high concentrations accelerated the clogging process. As the different physical factors changed, the breakthrough curves and retention profiles of silt‐sized SS particles changed obviously and the mechanisms of retention differed. On the whole, clogging position is mainly determined by particle size ratio, but clogging rate is dominated by a variety of factors including particle size ratio, SS concentration, and flow velocity.  相似文献   

Study on the Anisotropy of the Underground Medium in Hohhot     

Zhang Hui  Zhai Hao  Han Xiaoming 《中国地震研究》2018,32(1):80-88

In this paper, the data of earthquake events of magnitude M_S6.0 and above produced in Hohhot Seismic Station from 2008 to 2015 and the data of M_L ≥ 1.0 seismic events from 2015 to 2016 in Horinger Seismic Station and the surrounding mobile stations in southern Hohhot are selected. Using Splitlab and SAM software, the spin-correlation method, the least-energy method and the cross-correlation coefficient method are used to analyze the teleseismic and near-seismic phases (SKS, S). The results of this study are in good agreement with the results previously obtained by other researchers. The study of teleseismic SKS splitting reflects the characteristics of the anisotropy of the upper mantle beneath Hohhot, that is, the anisotropy of the upper mantle shows NW, which reflects "fossil" Anisotropy, mainly in the continental structure of stable units and preserves the history of mantle deformation information. The crustal anisotropy reflected by the near-earthquake S-wave splitting study is similar to that of the active fault zone, trending NE as a whole and is consistent with the tectonic stress field background of the northeastern margin of Ordos block.  相似文献   

Focal Mechanism and Focal Depth of the May 22, 2016 MS4.6 Earthquake in Chaoyang, Liaoning     

Zhao Xing  Zhang Fan  Han Xiaoming  Wang Shubo  Wei Jianmin 《中国地震研究》2018,32(1):100-112

An earthquake with M_S4.6 occurred at 17:08 p.m., May 22, 2016 in Chaoyang County, Liaoning Province. We used the P-wave first motion method, TDMT method, and CAP method to determine the focal mechanisms and the PTD method and sPn-Pn method to determine the focal depth. The focal mechanism results of the three methods are consistent. The depth results of the CAP method, PTD method and sPn-Pn method are close. We used the double difference location method to relocate earthquakes in 2009-2016, and obtained the strikes and dip angles of the small earthquake distributions with the help of simulated annealing algorithm and gauss Newton algorithm fitting. According to the focal mechanism results, the depth results, the characteristics of small earthquake distributions and the structural characteristics of the source area, the seismogenic fault strike is NEE and the main pressure force direction is NNW. The earthquake focal mechanism is for a normal fault type with a little left-lateral strike slip motion.  相似文献   

Intermediate to Long-term Estimation of Strong Earthquake Risk Areas in the Chinese Mainland Based on Geodesic Measurements     

Zhang Jing  Zhu Yiqing  Wu Yanqiang  Zhang Xi  Yang Guohua 《中国地震研究》2018,32(2):153-172

Based on previous research results, present-day crustal deformation and gravity fields in the Chinese mainland are analyzed using the GPS data, leveling, gravity and cross-fault deformations. We analyzed strain accumulation of the major faults, and identified locked or high strain accumulation segments. Combining the effects of large earthquakes in the study area, the long-term (decade) probability of large earthquakes in the Chinese mainland is estimated.  相似文献   

Soil physicochemical properties and vegetation structure along an elevation gradient and implications for the response of alpine plant development to climate change on the northern slopes of the Qilian Mountains     

Yong-sheng Yang  Li Zhang  Hong-qin Li  Hui-dan He  Ya-xi Wei  Jin Luo  Guang-ru Zhang  Yu-ru Huang  Ying-nian Li  Hua-kun Zhou 《山地科学学报》2018,15(5):1006-1019

Elevation is one of key factors to affect changes in the environment, particularly changes in conditions of light, water and heat. Studying the soil physicochemical properties and vegetation structure along an elevation gradient is important for understanding the responses of alpine plants andtheir growing environment to climate change. In this study, we studied plant coverage, plant height, species richness, soil water-holding capacity, soil organic carbon(SOC) and total nitrogen(N) on the northern slopes of the Qilian Mountains at elevations from2124 to 3665 m. The following conclusions were drawn:(1) With the increase of elevation, plant coverage and species richness first increased and then decreased, with the maximum values being at 3177 m.Plant height was significantly and negatively correlated with elevation(r=–0.97, P0.01), and the ratio of decrease with elevation was 0.82 cm·100 m-1.(2) Both soil water-holding capacity and soil porosity increased on the northern slopes of the Qilian Mountains with the increase of elevation. The soil saturated water content at the 0-40 cm depth first increased and then stabilized with a further increase of elevation, and the average ratio of increase was2.44 mm·100 m-1. With the increase of elevation, the average bulk density at the 0-40 cm depth first decreased and then stabilized at 0.89 g/cm3.(3) With the increase of elevation, the average SOC content at the 0-40 cm depths first increased and then decreased,and the average total N content at the 0-40 cm depth first increased and then stabilized. The correlation between average SOC content and average total N content reached significant level. According to the results of this study, the distribution of plants showed a mono-peak curve with increasing elevation on the northern slopes of the Qilian Mountains. The limiting factor for plant growth at the high elevation areas was not soil physicochemical properties, and therefore,global warming will likely facilitate the development of plant at high elevation areas in the Qilian Mountains.  相似文献   

高海况下无人水下航行器的横摇运动分析          下载免费PDF全文

张钰  刘忠乐  张志强 《数字海洋与水下攻防》2018,1(2):50-54

为明确高海况下海况等级对无人水下航行器横摇运动的影响,得出满足某型无人水下航行器安全回收的海况条件,对高海况下无人水下航行器的横摇运动进行分析。运用频率响应法,分别在4级、5级和6级海况下，根据海浪谱密度函数和该型航行器的横摇频率响应函数,求得其横摇运动谱密度函数。再运用公式推导,得到其横摇运动的时域函数。使用MATLAB仿真软件对该型航行器进行横摇运动仿真,得到3种海况条件下，其横摇运动的时域函数图像,并验证仿真结果的准确性。仿真结论:高海况下的海况等级对无人水下航行器的横摇幅度有较大影响,满足其安全回收的海况条件为5级海况。  相似文献   

Equivalent continuum strain calculations based on 3D particle kinematic measurements of sand          下载免费PDF全文

Siavash Amirrahmat  Khalid A. Alshibli  Maha F. Jarrar  Boning Zhang  Richard A. Regueiro 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2018,42(8):999-1015

Constitutive modeling of granular materials has been a subject of extensive research for many years. While the calculation of the Cauchy stress tensor using the discrete element method has been well established in the literature, the formulation and interpretation of the strain tensor are not as well documented. According to Bagi, 1 researchers mostly adopt well‐known continuum or discrete microstructural approaches to calculate strains within granular materials. However, neither of the 2 approaches can fully capture the behavior of granular materials. They are considered complementary to each other where each has its own strengths and limitations in solving granular‐mechanics problems. Zhang and Regueiro 2 proposed an equivalent continuum approach to calculating finite strain measures at the local level in granular materials subjected to large deformations. They used three‐dimensional discrete element method results to compare the proposed strains measures. This paper presents an experimental application of the Zhang and Regueiro 2 approach using three‐dimensional synchrotron microcomputed tomography images of a sheared Ottawa sand specimen. Invariant Eulerian finite strain measures were calculated for representative element volumes within the specimen. The spatial maps of Eulerian octahedral shear and volumetric strain were used to identify zones of intense shearing within the specimen and compared well with maps of incremental particle translation and rotation for the same specimen. The local Eulerian volumetric strain was compared to the global volumetric strains, which also can be considered as an averaging of all local Eulerian volumetric strains.  相似文献